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Installing a cluster on Azure with customizations

In OpenShift Container Platform version 4.19, you can install a cluster with a customized configuration or a customized network configuration on infrastructure that the installation program provisions on Microsoft Azure. To install a cluster with customizations or with network customizations, modify parameters in the install-config.yaml file before you install the cluster. By customizing your network configuration, your cluster can coexist with existing IP address allocations in your environment and integrate with existing MTU and VXLAN configurations. You must set most of the network configuration parameters during installation, and you can modify only the kubeProxy configuration parameters in a running cluster.

Using the Azure Marketplace offering

Using the Azure Marketplace offering lets you deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster, which is billed on pay-per-use basis (hourly, per core) through Azure, while still being supported directly by Red Hat.

To deploy an OpenShift Container Platform cluster using the Azure Marketplace offering, you must first obtain the Azure Marketplace image. The installation program uses this image to deploy worker or control plane nodes. When obtaining your image, consider the following:

  • While the images are the same, the Azure Marketplace publisher is different depending on your region. If you are located in North America, specify redhat as the publisher. If you are located in EMEA, specify redhat-limited as the publisher.

  • The offer includes a rh-ocp-worker SKU and a rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU. The rh-ocp-worker SKU represents a Hyper-V generation version 2 VM image. The default instance types used in OpenShift Container Platform are version 2 compatible. If you plan to use an instance type that is only version 1 compatible, use the image associated with the rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU. The rh-ocp-worker-gen1 SKU represents a Hyper-V version 1 VM image.

Important

Installing images with the Azure marketplace is not supported on clusters with 64-bit ARM instances.

You should only modify the RHCOS image for compute machines to use an Azure Marketplace image. Control plane machines and infrastructure nodes do not require an OpenShift Container Platform subscription and use the public RHCOS default image by default, which does not incur subscription costs on your Azure bill. Therefore, you should not modify the cluster default boot image or the control plane boot images. Applying the Azure Marketplace image to them will incur additional licensing costs that cannot be recovered.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed the Azure CLI client (az).

  • Your Azure account is entitled for the offer and you have logged into this account with the Azure CLI client.

Procedure

  1. Display all of the available OpenShift Container Platform images by running one of the following commands:

    • North America:

      $  az vm image list --all --offer rh-ocp-worker --publisher redhat -o table
      Example output
      Offer          Publisher       Sku                 Urn                                                             Version
-------------  --------------  ------------------  --------------------------------------------------------------  -----------------
rh-ocp-worker  RedHat          rh-ocp-worker       RedHat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:4.17.2024100419              4.17.2024100419
rh-ocp-worker  RedHat          rh-ocp-worker-gen1  RedHat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker-gen1:4.17.2024100419         4.17.2024100419

    • EMEA:

      $  az vm image list --all --offer rh-ocp-worker --publisher redhat-limited -o table
      Example output
      Offer          Publisher       Sku                 Urn                                                                     Version
-------------  --------------  ------------------  --------------------------------------------------------------          -----------------
rh-ocp-worker  redhat-limited  rh-ocp-worker       redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:4.17.2024100419              4.17.2024100419
rh-ocp-worker  redhat-limited  rh-ocp-worker-gen1  redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker-gen1:4.17.2024100419         4.17.2024100419

    Note

    Use the latest image that is available for compute and control plane nodes. If required, your VMs are automatically upgraded as part of the installation process.

  2. Inspect the image for your offer by running one of the following commands:

    • North America:

      $ az vm image show --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

    • EMEA:

      $ az vm image show --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

  3. Review the terms of the offer by running one of the following commands:

    • North America:

      $ az vm image terms show --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

    • EMEA:

      $ az vm image terms show --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

  4. Accept the terms of the offering by running one of the following commands:

    • North America:

      $ az vm image terms accept --urn redhat:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

    • EMEA:

      $ az vm image terms accept --urn redhat-limited:rh-ocp-worker:rh-ocp-worker:<version>

  5. Record the image details of your offer. You must update the compute section in the install-config.yaml file with values for publisher, offer, sku, and version before deploying the cluster. You may also update the controlPlane section to deploy control plane machines with the specified image details, or the defaultMachinePlatform section to deploy both control plane and compute machines with the specified image details. Use the latest available image for control plane and compute nodes.

Sample install-config.yaml file with the Azure Marketplace compute nodes
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
compute:
- hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: worker
  platform:
    azure:
      type: Standard_D4s_v5
      osImage:
        publisher: redhat
        offer: rh-ocp-worker
        sku: rh-ocp-worker
        version: 413.92.2023101700
  replicas: 3

Creating the installation configuration file

You can customize the OpenShift Container Platform cluster you install on Microsoft Azure.

Important

Do not specify windows, microsoft, or other variants of these words in the metadata.name parameter of the install-config.yaml file. Specifying one of these words for the cluster name causes the installation program to generate an error message like the following example message:

The resource name 'windows-xxxx-identity' or a part of the name is a trademarked or reserved word.

Additionally, specifying login at the beginning of the name in the metadata.name parameter of the install-config.yaml file results in the generation of an error message. You can specify login in the middle or end of the name.

Prerequisites

  • You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

  • You have an Azure subscription ID and tenant ID.

  • If you are installing the cluster using a service principal, you have its application ID and password.

  • If you are installing the cluster using a system-assigned managed identity, you have enabled it on the virtual machine that you will run the installation program from.

  • If you are installing the cluster using a user-assigned managed identity, you have met these prerequisites:

    • You have its client ID.

    • You have assigned it to the virtual machine that you will run the installation program from.

Procedure

  1. Optional: If you have run the installation program on this computer before, and want to use an alternative service principal or managed identity, go to the ~/.azure/ directory and delete the osServicePrincipal.json configuration file.

    Deleting this file prevents the installation program from automatically reusing subscription and authentication values from a previous installation.

  2. Create the install-config.yaml file.

    1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:

      $ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory>

      • <installation_directory>: For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.

        When specifying the directory:

      • Verify that the directory has the execute permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.

      • Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OpenShift Container Platform version.

    2. At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:

      1. Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.

        Note

        For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

      2. Select azure as the platform to target.

        If the installation program cannot locate the osServicePrincipal.json configuration file from a previous installation, you are prompted for Azure subscription and authentication values.

      3. Enter the following Azure parameter values for your subscription:

        • azure subscription id: Enter the subscription ID to use for the cluster.

        • azure tenant id: Enter the tenant ID.

      4. Depending on the Azure identity you are using to deploy the cluster, do one of the following when prompted for the azure service principal client id:

        • If you are using a service principal, enter its application ID.

        • If you are using a system-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.

        • If you are using a user-assigned managed identity, specify its client ID.

      5. Depending on the Azure identity you are using to deploy the cluster, do one of the following when prompted for the azure service principal client secret:

        • If you are using a service principal, enter its password.

        • If you are using a system-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.

        • If you are using a user-assigned managed identity, leave this value blank.

      6. Select the region to deploy the cluster to.

      7. Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the Azure DNS Zone that you created for your cluster.

      8. Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.

        Important

        All Azure resources that are available through public endpoints are subject to resource name restrictions, and you cannot create resources that use certain terms. For a list of terms that Azure restricts, see Resolve reserved resource name errors in the Azure documentation.

  3. Modify the install-config.yaml file. You can find more information about the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.

    Note

    If you are installing a three-node cluster, be sure to set the compute.replicas parameter to 0. This ensures that the cluster’s control planes are schedulable. For more information, see "Installing a three-node cluster on Azure".

  4. Back up the install-config.yaml file so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.

    Important

    The install-config.yaml file is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.

    If previously not detected, the installation program creates an osServicePrincipal.json configuration file and stores this file in the ~/.azure/ directory on your computer. This ensures that the installation program can load the profile when it is creating an OpenShift Container Platform cluster on the target platform.

Additional resources

Minimum resource requirements for cluster installation

Each created cluster must meet minimum requirements so that the cluster runs as expected.

Table 1. Minimum resource requirements
Machine Operating System vCPU [1] Virtual RAM Storage Input/Output Per Second (IOPS)[2]

Bootstrap

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Control plane

RHCOS

4

16 GB

100 GB

300

Compute

RHCOS

2

8 GB

100 GB

300

  1. One vCPU is equivalent to one physical core when simultaneous multithreading (SMT), or Hyper-Threading, is not enabled. When enabled, use the following formula to calculate the corresponding ratio: (threads per core × cores) × sockets = vCPUs.

  2. OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes are sensitive to disk performance, and faster storage is recommended, particularly for etcd on the control plane nodes which require a 10 ms p99 fsync duration. Note that on many cloud platforms, storage size and IOPS scale together, so you might need to over-allocate storage volume to obtain sufficient performance.

  3. As with all user-provisioned installations, if you choose to use RHEL compute machines in your cluster, you take responsibility for all operating system life cycle management and maintenance, including performing system updates, applying patches, and completing all other required tasks. Use of RHEL 7 compute machines is deprecated and has been removed in OpenShift Container Platform 4.10 and later.

Note

For OpenShift Container Platform version 4.19, RHCOS is based on RHEL version 9.6, which updates the micro-architecture requirements. The following list contains the minimum instruction set architectures (ISA) that each architecture requires:

  • x86-64 architecture requires x86-64-v2 ISA

  • ARM64 architecture requires ARMv8.0-A ISA

  • IBM Power architecture requires Power 9 ISA

  • s390x architecture requires z14 ISA

For more information, see Architectures (RHEL documentation).

Important

You are required to use Azure virtual machines that have the premiumIO parameter set to true.

If an instance type for your platform meets the minimum requirements for cluster machines, it is supported to use in OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

Tested instance types for Azure

The following Microsoft Azure instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Machine types based on 64-bit x86 architecture

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.21/docs/user/azure/tested_instance_types_x86_64.md

Tested instance types for Azure on 64-bit ARM infrastructures

The following Microsoft Azure ARM64 instance types have been tested with OpenShift Container Platform.

Machine types based on 64-bit ARM architecture

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.21/docs/user/azure/tested_instance_types_aarch64.md

Enabling trusted launch for Azure VMs

You can enable two trusted launch features when installing your cluster on Azure: secure boot and virtualized Trusted Platform Modules.

For more information about the sizes of virtual machines that support the trusted launch features, see Virtual machine sizes.

Important

Trusted launch is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Prerequisites

  • You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

  • Edit the install-config.yaml file before deploying your cluster:

    • Enable trusted launch only on control plane by adding the following stanza:

      controlPlane:
  platform:
    azure:
      settings:
        securityType: TrustedLaunch
        trustedLaunch:
          uefiSettings:
            secureBoot: Enabled
            virtualizedTrustedPlatformModule: Enabled

    • Enable trusted launch only on compute node by adding the following stanza:

      compute:
  platform:
    azure:
      settings:
        securityType: TrustedLaunch
        trustedLaunch:
          uefiSettings:
            secureBoot: Enabled
            virtualizedTrustedPlatformModule: Enabled

    • Enable trusted launch on all nodes by adding the following stanza:

      platform:
  azure:
    settings:
      securityType: TrustedLaunch
      trustedLaunch:
        uefiSettings:
          secureBoot: Enabled
          virtualizedTrustedPlatformModule: Enabled

Enabling confidential VMs

You can enable confidential VMs when installing your cluster. You can enable confidential VMs for compute nodes, control plane nodes, or all nodes.

You can use confidential VMs with the following VM sizes:

  • DCasv5-series

  • DCadsv5-series

  • ECasv5-series

  • ECadsv5-series

  • DCesv5-series

  • DCedsv5-series

  • ECesv5-series

  • ECedsv5-series

  • NCCads_H100_v5

Important

Confidential VMs are currently not supported on 64-bit ARM architectures.

Prerequisites

  • You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

  • Edit the install-config.yaml file before deploying your cluster:

    • Enable confidential VMs only on control plane by adding the following stanza:

      controlPlane:
  platform:
    azure:
      settings:
        securityType: ConfidentialVM
        confidentialVM:
          uefiSettings:
            secureBoot: Enabled
            virtualizedTrustedPlatformModule: Enabled
      osDisk:
        securityProfile:
          securityEncryptionType: VMGuestStateOnly

    • Enable confidential VMs only on compute nodes by adding the following stanza:

      compute:
  platform:
    azure:
      settings:
        securityType: ConfidentialVM
        confidentialVM:
          uefiSettings:
            secureBoot: Enabled
            virtualizedTrustedPlatformModule: Enabled
      osDisk:
        securityProfile:
          securityEncryptionType: VMGuestStateOnly

    • Enable confidential VMs on all nodes by adding the following stanza:

      platform:
  azure:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      settings:
        securityType: ConfidentialVM
        confidentialVM:
          uefiSettings:
            secureBoot: Enabled
            virtualizedTrustedPlatformModule: Enabled
      osDisk:
        securityProfile:
          securityEncryptionType: VMGuestStateOnly

Configuring a dedicated disk for etcd

You can install your OpenShift Container Platform cluster on Microsoft Azure with a dedicated data disk for etcd. This configuration attaches a separate managed disk to each control plane node and uses it only for etcd data, which can improve cluster performance and stability.

Important

Dedicated disk for etcd is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Prerequisites

  • You have created an install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

  • To configure a dedicated etcd disk, edit the install-config.yaml file and add the diskSetup and dataDisks parameters to the controlPlane stanza:

    # ...
controlPlane:
  architecture: amd64
  hyperthreading: Enabled
  name: master
  platform:
    azure:
      type: Standard_D4s_v5
      dataDisks:
      - nameSuffix: etcddisk 
        cachingType: None 
        diskSizeGB: 20 
        lun: 0 
  diskSetup:
  - type: etcd 
    etcd:
      platformDiskID: etcddisk 
  replicas: 3
# ...
  1. Specify the same value you defined for platformDiskID.
  2. Specify None. Other caching requirements are not currently supported.
  3. Specify a disk size in GB. This value can be any integer greater than 0.

    Note

    A minimum of 20 GB ensures enough space is available for defragmentation operations.

  4. Specify a logical unit number (LUN). This can be any integer from 0 through 63 that is not used by another disk.
  5. Specify etcd. This identifies etcd as the node component type to receive a dedicated disk.
  6. Specify a name to identify the disk. This value must not exceed 12 characters.

Enabling a user-managed DNS

You can install a cluster with a domain name server (DNS) solution that you manage instead of the default cluster-provisioned DNS solution. As a result, you can manage the API and Ingress DNS records in your own system rather than adding the records to the DNS of the cloud. For example, your organization’s security policies might not allow the use of public DNS services such as Microsoft Azure. In such scenarios, you can use your own DNS service to bypass the public DNS service and manage your own DNS for the IP addresses of the API and Ingress services.

If you enable user-managed DNS during installation, the installation program provisions DNS records for the API and Ingress services only within the cluster. To ensure access from outside the cluster, you must provision the DNS records in an external DNS service of your choice for the API and Ingress services after installation.

Important

User-provisioned DNS is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Prerequisites

  • You installed the jq package.

Procedure

  • Before you deploy your cluster, use a text editor to open the install-config.yaml file and add the following stanza:

    • To enable user-managed DNS:

      featureSet: CustomNoUpgrade
featureGates: ["AzureClusterHostedDNSInstall=true"]

# ...

platform:
  azure:
    userProvisionedDNS: Enabled

      where:

      userProvisionedDNS

      Enables user-provisioned DNS management.

Next steps

For information about provisioning your DNS records for the API server and the Ingress services, see "Provisioning your own DNS records".

Sample customized install-config.yaml file for Azure

You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OpenShift Container Platform cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.

Important

This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your install-config.yaml file by using the installation program and modify it.

apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com 
controlPlane: 
  hyperthreading: Enabled  
  name: master
  platform:
    azure:
      encryptionAtHost: true
      ultraSSDCapability: Enabled
      osDisk:
        diskSizeGB: 1024 
        diskType: Premium_LRS
        diskEncryptionSet:
          resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group
          name: disk_encryption_set_name
          subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id
      osImage:
        publisher: example_publisher_name
        offer: example_image_offer
        sku: example_offer_sku
        version: example_image_version
      type: Standard_D8s_v3
  replicas: 3
compute: 
- hyperthreading: Enabled  
  name: worker
  platform:
    azure:
      ultraSSDCapability: Enabled
      type: Standard_D2s_v3
      encryptionAtHost: true
      osDisk:
        diskSizeGB: 512 
        diskType: Standard_LRS
        diskEncryptionSet:
          resourceGroup: disk_encryption_set_resource_group
          name: disk_encryption_set_name
          subscriptionId: secondary_subscription_id
      osImage:
        publisher: example_publisher_name
        offer: example_image_offer
        sku: example_offer_sku
        version: example_image_version
      zones: 
      - "1"
      - "2"
      - "3"
  replicas: 5
metadata:
  name: test-cluster 
networking: 
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
    hostPrefix: 23
  machineNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
  networkType: OVNKubernetes 
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
  azure:
    defaultMachinePlatform:
      osImage: 
        publisher: example_publisher_name
        offer: example_image_offer
        sku: example_offer_sku
        version: example_image_version
      ultraSSDCapability: Enabled
    baseDomainResourceGroupName: resource_group 
    region: centralus 
    resourceGroupName: existing_resource_group 
    outboundType: Loadbalancer
    cloudName: AzurePublicCloud
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' 
fips: false 
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA...
  1. Required. The installation program prompts you for this value.
  2. If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value.
  3. The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used.
  4. Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.

    Important

    If you disable simultaneous multithreading, ensure that your capacity planning accounts for the dramatically decreased machine performance. Use larger virtual machine types, such as Standard_D8s_v3, for your machines if you disable simultaneous multithreading.

  5. You can specify the size of the disk to use in GB. Minimum recommendation for control plane nodes is 1024 GB.
  6. Specify a list of zones to deploy your machines to. For high availability, specify at least two zones.
  7. The cluster network plugin to install. The default value OVNKubernetes is the only supported value.
  8. Optional: A custom Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) image that should be used to boot control plane and compute machines. The publisher, offer, sku, and version parameters under platform.azure.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage apply to both control plane and compute machines. If the parameters under controlPlane.platform.azure.osImage or compute.platform.azure.osImage are set, they override the platform.azure.defaultMachinePlatform.osImage parameters.
  9. Specify the name of the resource group that contains the DNS zone for your base domain.
  10. Specify the name of an already existing resource group to install your cluster to. If undefined, a new resource group is created for the cluster.
  11. Whether to enable or disable FIPS mode. By default, FIPS mode is not enabled. If FIPS mode is enabled, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) machines that OpenShift Container Platform runs on bypass the default Kubernetes cryptography suite and use the cryptography modules that are provided with RHCOS instead.

    Important

    To enable FIPS mode for your cluster, you must run the installation program from a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) computer configured to operate in FIPS mode. For more information about configuring FIPS mode on RHEL, see Switching RHEL to FIPS mode.

    When running Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) or Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS) booted in FIPS mode, OpenShift Container Platform core components use the RHEL cryptographic libraries that have been submitted to NIST for FIPS 140-2/140-3 Validation on only the x86_64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures.

  12. You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.

    Note

    For production OpenShift Container Platform clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your ssh-agent process uses.

Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation

To enable internet access in environments that deny direct connections, configure a cluster-wide proxy in the install-config.yaml file. This configuration ensures that the new OpenShift Container Platform cluster routes traffic through the specified HTTP or HTTPS proxy.

Prerequisites

  • You have an existing install-config.yaml file.

  • You have reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy object’s spec.noProxy field to bypass the proxy if necessary.

    Note

    The Proxy object status.noProxy field is populated with the values of the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr, networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, and networking.serviceNetwork[] fields from your installation configuration.

    For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the Proxy object status.noProxy field is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).

Procedure

  1. Edit your install-config.yaml file and add the proxy settings. For example:

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
  httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
  httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port>
  noProxy: example.com
additionalTrustBundle: |
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
additionalTrustBundlePolicy: <policy_to_add_additionalTrustBundle>
# ...

    where:

    proxy.httpProxy

    Specifies a proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.

    proxy.httpsProxy

    Specifies a proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster.

    proxy.noProxy

    Specifies a comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations.

    additionalTrustBundle

    If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter with the RHCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the RHCOS trust bundle.

    additionalTrustBundlePolicy

    Specifies the policy that determines the configuration of the Proxy object to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The allowed values are Proxyonly and Always. Use Proxyonly to reference the user-ca-bundle config map only when http/https proxy is configured. Use Always to always reference the user-ca-bundle config map. The default value is Proxyonly. Optional parameter.

    Note

    The installation program does not support the proxy readinessEndpoints field.

    Note

    If the installer times out, restart and then complete the deployment by using the wait-for command of the installer. For example:

    +

    $ ./openshift-install wait-for install-complete --log-level debug

  2. Save the file and reference it when installing OpenShift Container Platform.

    The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil spec.

    Note

    Only the Proxy object named cluster is supported, and no additional proxies can be created.

Additional resources

Network configuration phases

There are two phases prior to OpenShift Container Platform installation where you can customize the network configuration.

Phase 1

You can customize the following network-related fields in the install-config.yaml file before you create the manifest files:

  • networking.networkType

  • networking.clusterNetwork

  • networking.serviceNetwork

  • networking.machineNetwork

  • nodeNetworking

    For more information, see "Installation configuration parameters".

    Note

    Set the networking.machineNetwork to match the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) where the preferred subnet is located.

    Important

    The CIDR range 172.17.0.0/16 is reserved by libVirt. You cannot use any other CIDR range that overlaps with the 172.17.0.0/16 CIDR range for networks in your cluster.

Phase 2

After creating the manifest files by running openshift-install create manifests, you can define a customized Cluster Network Operator manifest with only the fields you want to modify. You can use the manifest to specify an advanced network configuration.

During phase 2, you cannot override the values that you specified in phase 1 in the install-config.yaml file. However, you can customize the network plugin during phase 2.

Specifying advanced network configuration

You can use advanced network configuration for your network plugin to integrate your cluster into your existing network environment.

You can specify advanced network configuration only before you install the cluster.

Important

Customizing your network configuration by modifying the OpenShift Container Platform manifest files created by the installation program is not supported. Applying a manifest file that you create, as in the following procedure, is supported.

Prerequisites

  • You have created the install-config.yaml file and completed any modifications to it.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:

    $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
    1. <installation_directory> specifies the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.

  2. Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:

    apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:

  3. Specify the advanced network configuration for your cluster in the cluster-network-03-config.yml file, such as in the following example:

    Enable IPsec for the OVN-Kubernetes network provider
    apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  defaultNetwork:
    ovnKubernetesConfig:
      ipsecConfig:
        mode: Full

  4. Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml file. The installation program consumes the manifests/ directory when you create the Ignition config files.

  5. Remove the Kubernetes manifest files that define the control plane machines and compute MachineSets:

    $ rm -f openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml

    Because you create and manage these resources yourself, you do not have to initialize them.

    • You can preserve the MachineSet files to create compute machines by using the machine API, but you must update references to them to match your environment.

Cluster Network Operator configuration

To manage cluster networking, configure the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) Network custom resource (CR) named cluster so the cluster uses the correct IP ranges and network plugin settings for reliable pod and service connectivity. Some settings and fields are inherited at the time of install or by the default.Network.type plugin, OVN-Kubernetes.

The CNO configuration inherits the following fields during cluster installation from the Network API in the Network.config.openshift.io API group:

clusterNetwork

IP address pools from which pod IP addresses are allocated.

serviceNetwork

IP address pool for services.

defaultNetwork.type

Cluster network plugin. OVNKubernetes is the only supported plugin during installation.

You can specify the cluster network plugin configuration for your cluster by setting the fields for the defaultNetwork object in the CNO object named cluster.

Cluster Network Operator configuration object

The fields for the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) are described in the following table:

Table 2. Cluster Network Operator configuration object
Field Type Description

metadata.name

string

The name of the CNO object. This name is always cluster.

spec.clusterNetwork

array

A list specifying the blocks of IP addresses from which pod IP addresses are allocated and the subnet prefix length assigned to each individual node in the cluster. For example:

spec:
  clusterNetwork:
  - cidr: 10.128.0.0/19
    hostPrefix: 23
  - cidr: 10.128.32.0/19
    hostPrefix: 23

spec.serviceNetwork

array

A block of IP addresses for services. The OVN-Kubernetes network plugin supports only a single IP address block for the service network. For example:

spec:
  serviceNetwork:
  - 172.30.0.0/14

You can customize this field only in the install-config.yaml file before you create the manifests. The value is read-only in the manifest file.

spec.defaultNetwork

object

Configures the network plugin for the cluster network.

spec.additionalRoutingCapabilities.providers

array

This setting enables a dynamic routing provider. The FRR routing capability provider is required for the route advertisement feature. The only supported value is FRR.

  • FRR: The FRR routing provider

spec:
  additionalRoutingCapabilities:
    providers:
    - FRR

Important

For a cluster that needs to deploy objects across multiple networks, ensure that you specify the same value for the clusterNetwork.hostPrefix parameter for each network type that is defined in the install-config.yaml file. Setting a different value for each clusterNetwork.hostPrefix parameter can impact the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin, where the plugin cannot effectively route object traffic among different nodes.

defaultNetwork object configuration

The values for the defaultNetwork object are defined in the following table:

Table 3. defaultNetwork object
Field Type Description

type

string

OVNKubernetes. The Red Hat OpenShift Networking network plugin is selected during installation. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

Note

OpenShift Container Platform uses the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin by default.

ovnKubernetesConfig

object

This object is only valid for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin.

Configuration for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin

The following table describes the configuration fields for the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin:

Table 4. ovnKubernetesConfig object
Field Type Description

mtu

integer

The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the Geneve (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation) overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU.

If the auto-detected value is not what you expect it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes.

If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to 100 less than the lowest MTU value in your cluster. For example, if some nodes in your cluster have an MTU of 9001, and some have an MTU of 1500, you must set this value to 1400.

genevePort

integer

The port to use for all Geneve packets. The default value is 6081. This value cannot be changed after cluster installation.

ipsecConfig

object

Specify a configuration object for customizing the IPsec configuration.

ipv4

object

Specifies a configuration object for IPv4 settings.

ipv6

object

Specifies a configuration object for IPv6 settings.

policyAuditConfig

object

Specify a configuration object for customizing network policy audit logging. If unset, the defaults audit log settings are used.

routeAdvertisements

string

Specifies whether to advertise cluster network routes. The default value is Disabled.

  • Enabled: Import routes to the cluster network and advertise cluster network routes as configured in RouteAdvertisements objects.

  • Disabled: Do not import routes to the cluster network or advertise cluster network routes.

gatewayConfig

object

Optional: Specify a configuration object for customizing how egress traffic is sent to the node gateway. Valid values are Shared and Local. The default value is Shared. In the default setting, the Open vSwitch (OVS) outputs traffic directly to the node IP interface. In the Local setting, it traverses the host network; consequently, it gets applied to the routing table of the host.

Note

While migrating egress traffic, you can expect some disruption to workloads and service traffic until the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) successfully rolls out the changes.
Table 5. ovnKubernetesConfig.ipv4 object
Field Type Description

internalTransitSwitchSubnet

string

If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the 100.88.0.0/16 IPv4 subnet, you can specify a different IP address range for internal use by OVN-Kubernetes. The subnet for the distributed transit switch that enables east-west traffic. This subnet cannot overlap with any other subnets used by OVN-Kubernetes or on the host itself. It must be large enough to accommodate one IP address per node in your cluster.

The default value is 100.88.0.0/16.

internalJoinSubnet

string

If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the 100.64.0.0/16 IPv4 subnet, you can specify a different IP address range for internal use by OVN-Kubernetes. You must ensure that the IP address range does not overlap with any other subnet used by your OpenShift Container Platform installation. The IP address range must be larger than the maximum number of nodes that can be added to the cluster. For example, if the clusterNetwork.cidr value is 10.128.0.0/14 and the clusterNetwork.hostPrefix value is /23, then the maximum number of nodes is 2^(23-14)=512.

The default value is 100.64.0.0/16.
Table 6. ovnKubernetesConfig.ipv6 object
Field Type Description

internalTransitSwitchSubnet

string

If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the fd97::/64 IPv6 subnet, you can specify a different IP address range for internal use by OVN-Kubernetes. The subnet for the distributed transit switch that enables east-west traffic. This subnet cannot overlap with any other subnets used by OVN-Kubernetes or on the host itself. It must be large enough to accommodate one IP address per node in your cluster.

The default value is fd97::/64.

internalJoinSubnet

string

If your existing network infrastructure overlaps with the fd98::/64 IPv6 subnet, you can specify a different IP address range for internal use by OVN-Kubernetes. You must ensure that the IP address range does not overlap with any other subnet used by your OpenShift Container Platform installation. The IP address range must be larger than the maximum number of nodes that can be added to the cluster.

The default value is fd98::/64.
Table 7. policyAuditConfig object
Field Type Description

rateLimit

integer

The maximum number of messages to generate every second per node. The default value is 20 messages per second.

maxFileSize

integer

The maximum size for the audit log in bytes. The default value is 50000000 or 50 MB.

maxLogFiles

integer

The maximum number of log files that are retained.

destination

string

One of the following additional audit log targets:

libc

The libc syslog() function of the journald process on the host.

udp:<host>:<port>

A syslog server. Replace <host>:<port> with the host and port of the syslog server.

unix:<file>

A Unix Domain Socket file specified by <file>.

null

Do not send the audit logs to any additional target.

syslogFacility

string

The syslog facility, such as kern, as defined by RFC5424. The default value is local0.
Table 8. gatewayConfig object
Field Type Description

routingViaHost

boolean

Set this field to true to send egress traffic from pods to the host networking stack. For highly-specialized installations and applications that rely on manually configured routes in the kernel routing table, you might want to route egress traffic to the host networking stack. By default, egress traffic is processed in OVN to exit the cluster and is not affected by specialized routes in the kernel routing table. The default value is false.

This field has an interaction with the Open vSwitch hardware offloading feature. If you set this field to true, you do not receive the performance benefits of the offloading because egress traffic is processed by the host networking stack.

ipForwarding

object

You can control IP forwarding for all traffic on OVN-Kubernetes managed interfaces by using the ipForwarding specification in the Network resource. Specify Restricted to only allow IP forwarding for Kubernetes related traffic. Specify Global to allow forwarding of all IP traffic. For new installations, the default is Restricted. For updates to OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 or later, the default is Global.

Note

The default value of Restricted sets the IP forwarding to drop.

ipv4

object

Optional: Specify an object to configure the internal OVN-Kubernetes masquerade address for host to service traffic for IPv4 addresses.

ipv6

object

Optional: Specify an object to configure the internal OVN-Kubernetes masquerade address for host to service traffic for IPv6 addresses.
Table 9. gatewayConfig.ipv4 object
Field Type Description

internalMasqueradeSubnet

string

The masquerade IPv4 addresses that are used internally to enable host to service traffic. The host is configured with these IP addresses as well as the shared gateway bridge interface. The default value is 169.254.169.0/29.

Important

For OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 and later versions, clusters use 169.254.0.0/17 as the default masquerade subnet. For upgraded clusters, there is no change to the default masquerade subnet.
Table 10. gatewayConfig.ipv6 object
Field Type Description

internalMasqueradeSubnet

string

The masquerade IPv6 addresses that are used internally to enable host to service traffic. The host is configured with these IP addresses as well as the shared gateway bridge interface. The default value is fd69::/125.

Important

For OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 and later versions, clusters use fd69::/112 as the default masquerade subnet. For upgraded clusters, there is no change to the default masquerade subnet.
Table 11. ipsecConfig object
Field Type Description

mode

string

Specifies the behavior of the IPsec implementation. Must be one of the following values:

  • Disabled: IPsec is not enabled on cluster nodes.

  • External: IPsec is enabled for network traffic with external hosts.

  • Full: IPsec is enabled for pod traffic and network traffic with external hosts.
Example OVN-Kubernetes configuration with IPSec enabled
defaultNetwork:
  type: OVNKubernetes
  ovnKubernetesConfig:
    mtu: 1400
    genevePort: 6081
    ipsecConfig:
      mode: Full

Configuring hybrid networking with OVN-Kubernetes

You can configure your cluster to use hybrid networking with the OVN-Kubernetes network plugin. This allows a hybrid cluster that supports different node networking configurations.

Note

This configuration is necessary to run both Linux and Windows nodes in the same cluster.

Prerequisites

  • You defined OVNKubernetes for the networking.networkType parameter in the install-config.yaml file. See the installation documentation for configuring OpenShift Container Platform network customizations on your chosen cloud provider for more information.

Procedure

  1. Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:

    $ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>

    where:

    <installation_directory>

    Specifies the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml file for your cluster.

  2. Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml in the <installation_directory>/manifests/ directory:

    $ cat <<EOF > <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
EOF

    where:

    <installation_directory>

    Specifies the directory name that contains the manifests/ directory for your cluster.

  3. Open the cluster-network-03-config.yml file in an editor and configure OVN-Kubernetes with hybrid networking, as in the following example:

    Specify a hybrid networking configuration
    apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  defaultNetwork:
    ovnKubernetesConfig:
      hybridOverlayConfig:
        hybridClusterNetwork: 
        - cidr: 10.132.0.0/14
          hostPrefix: 23
        hybridOverlayVXLANPort: 9898
    1. Specify the CIDR configuration used for nodes on the additional overlay network. The hybridClusterNetwork CIDR must not overlap with the clusterNetwork CIDR.
    2. Specify a custom VXLAN port for the additional overlay network. This is required for running Windows nodes in a cluster installed on vSphere, and must not be configured for any other cloud provider. The custom port can be any open port excluding the default 6081 port. For more information on this requirement, see Pod-to-pod connectivity between hosts is broken in the Microsoft documentation.

      Note

      Windows Server Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC): Windows Server 2019 is not supported on clusters with a custom hybridOverlayVXLANPort value because this Windows server version does not support selecting a custom VXLAN port.

  4. Save the cluster-network-03-config.yml file and quit the text editor.

  5. Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml file. The installation program deletes the manifests/ directory when creating the cluster.

Note

For more information about using Linux and Windows nodes in the same cluster, see Understanding Windows container workloads.

Additional resources

Configuring user-defined tags for Azure

In OpenShift Container Platform, you can use tags for grouping resources and for managing resource access and cost. Tags are applied only to the resources created by the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and its core Operators such as Machine API Operator, Cluster Ingress Operator, Cluster Image Registry Operator. The OpenShift Container Platform consists of the following types of tags:

OpenShift Container Platform tags

By default, OpenShift Container Platform installation program attaches the OpenShift Container Platform tags to the Azure resources. These OpenShift Container Platform tags are not accessible to the users. The format of the OpenShift Container Platform tags is kubernetes.io_cluster.<cluster_id>:owned, where <cluster_id> is the value of .status.infrastructureName in the infrastructure resource for the cluster.

User-defined tags

User-defined tags are manually created in install-config.yaml file during installation. When creating the user-defined tags, you must consider the following points:

  • User-defined tags on Azure resources can only be defined during OpenShift Container Platform cluster creation, and cannot be modified after the cluster is created.

  • Support for user-defined tags is available only for the resources created in the Azure Public Cloud.

  • User-defined tags are not supported for the OpenShift Container Platform clusters upgraded to OpenShift Container Platform 4.19.

Creating user-defined tags for Azure

To define the list of user-defined tags, edit the .platform.azure.userTags field in the install-config.yaml file.

Procedure

  • Specify the .platform.azure.userTags field as shown in the following install-config.yaml file:

    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
#...
platform:
  azure:
    userTags: 
      <key>: <value> 
#...
    1. Defines the additional keys and values that the installation program adds as tags to all Azure resources that it creates.
    2. Specify the key and value. You can configure a maximum of 10 tags for resource group and resources. Tag keys are case-insensitive. For more information on requirements for specifying user-defined tags, see "User-defined tags requirements" section.
      Example install-config.yaml file
      apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
#...
platform:
  azure:
    userTags:
      createdBy: user
      environment: dev
#...
Verification

  • Access the list of created user-defined tags for the Azure resources by running the following command:

    $ oc get infrastructures.config.openshift.io cluster -o=jsonpath-as-json='{.status.platformStatus.azure.resourceTags}'
    Example output
    [
    [
        {
            "key": "createdBy",
            "value": "user"
        },
        {
            "key": "environment",
            "value": "dev"
        }
    ]
]

User-defined tags requirements

The user-defined tags have the following requirements:

  • A tag key must have a maximum of 128 characters.

  • A tag key must begin with a letter.

  • A tag key must end with a letter, number or underscore.

  • A tag key must contain only letters, numbers, underscores(_), periods(.), and hyphens(-).

  • A tag key must not be specified as name.

  • A tag key must not have the following prefixes:

    • kubernetes.io

    • openshift.io

    • microsoft

    • azure

    • windows

  • A tag value must have a maximum of 256 characters.

For more information about Azure tags, see Azure user-defined tags.

Alternatives to storing administrator-level secrets in the kube-system project

By default, administrator secrets are stored in the kube-system project. If you configured the credentialsMode parameter in the install-config.yaml file to Manual, you must use one of the following alternatives:

Manually creating long-term credentials

The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) can be put into manual mode prior to installation in environments where the cloud identity and access management (IAM) APIs are not reachable, or the administrator prefers not to store an administrator-level credential secret in the cluster kube-system namespace.

Procedure

  1. If you did not set the credentialsMode parameter in the install-config.yaml configuration file to Manual, modify the value as shown:

    Sample configuration file snippet
    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
credentialsMode: Manual
# ...

  2. If you have not previously created installation manifest files, do so by running the following command:

    $ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>

    where <installation_directory> is the directory in which the installation program creates files.

  3. Set a $RELEASE_IMAGE variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:

    $ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')

  4. Extract the list of CredentialsRequest custom resources (CRs) from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

    $ oc adm release extract \
  --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \
  --credentials-requests \
  --included \
  --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \
  --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests>
    1. The --included parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires.
    2. Specify the location of the install-config.yaml file.
    3. Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the CredentialsRequest objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.

      This command creates a YAML file for each CredentialsRequest object.

      Sample CredentialsRequest object
      apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
kind: CredentialsRequest
metadata:
  name: <component_credentials_request>
  namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
  ...
spec:
  providerSpec:
    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
    kind: AzureProviderSpec
    roleBindings:
    - role: Contributor
  ...

  5. Create YAML files for secrets in the openshift-install manifests directory that you generated previously. The secrets must be stored using the namespace and secret name defined in the spec.secretRef for each CredentialsRequest object.

    Sample CredentialsRequest object with secrets
    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
kind: CredentialsRequest
metadata:
  name: <component_credentials_request>
  namespace: openshift-cloud-credential-operator
  ...
spec:
  providerSpec:
    apiVersion: cloudcredential.openshift.io/v1
    kind: AzureProviderSpec
    roleBindings:
    - role: Contributor
      ...
  secretRef:
    name: <component_secret>
    namespace: <component_namespace>
  ...
    Sample Secret object
    apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: <component_secret>
  namespace: <component_namespace>
data:
  azure_subscription_id: <base64_encoded_azure_subscription_id>
  azure_client_id: <base64_encoded_azure_client_id>
  azure_client_secret: <base64_encoded_azure_client_secret>
  azure_tenant_id: <base64_encoded_azure_tenant_id>
  azure_resource_prefix: <base64_encoded_azure_resource_prefix>
  azure_resourcegroup: <base64_encoded_azure_resourcegroup>
  azure_region: <base64_encoded_azure_region>

Important

Before upgrading a cluster that uses manually maintained credentials, you must ensure that the CCO is in an upgradeable state.

Configuring an Azure cluster to use short-term credentials

To install a cluster that uses Microsoft Entra Workload ID, you must configure the Cloud Credential Operator utility and create the required Azure resources for your cluster.

Configuring the Cloud Credential Operator utility

To create and manage cloud credentials from outside of the cluster when the Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) is operating in manual mode, extract and prepare the CCO utility (ccoctl) binary.

Note

The ccoctl utility is a Linux binary that must run in a Linux environment.

Prerequisites

  • You have access to an OpenShift Container Platform account with cluster administrator access.

  • You have installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).

  • You have created a global Azure account for the ccoctl utility to use with the following permissions:

    • Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/read

    • Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/write

    • Microsoft.Resources/subscriptions/resourceGroups/delete

    • Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/read

    • Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/delete

    • Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write

    • Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/read

    • Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/write

    • Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/delete

    • Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listkeys/action

    • Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/delete

    • Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/read

    • Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/write

    • Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers/delete

    • Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers/read

    • Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/blobServices/containers/write

    • Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/delete

    • Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/read

    • Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/write

    • Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/federatedIdentityCredentials/read

    • Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/federatedIdentityCredentials/write

    • Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/federatedIdentityCredentials/delete

    • Microsoft.Storage/register/action

    • Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/register/action

Procedure

  1. Set a variable for the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

    $ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')

  2. Obtain the CCO container image from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

    $ CCO_IMAGE=$(oc adm release info --image-for='cloud-credential-operator' $RELEASE_IMAGE -a ~/.pull-secret)

    Note

    Ensure that the architecture of the $RELEASE_IMAGE matches the architecture of the environment in which you will use the ccoctl tool.

  3. Extract the ccoctl binary from the CCO container image within the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

    $ oc image extract $CCO_IMAGE \
  --file="/usr/bin/ccoctl.<rhel_version>" \
  -a ~/.pull-secret
    1. For <rhel_version>, specify the value that corresponds to the version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) that the host uses. If no value is specified, ccoctl.rhel8 is used by default. The following values are valid:

      • rhel8: Specify this value for hosts that use RHEL 8.

      • rhel9: Specify this value for hosts that use RHEL 9.

    Note

    The ccoctl binary is created in the directory from where you executed the command and not in /usr/bin/. You must rename the directory or move the ccoctl.<rhel_version> binary to ccoctl.

  4. Change the permissions to make ccoctl executable by running the following command:

    $ chmod 775 ccoctl
Verification

  • To verify that ccoctl is ready to use, display the help file. Use a relative file name when you run the command, for example:

    $ ./ccoctl
    Example output
    OpenShift credentials provisioning tool

Usage:
  ccoctl [command]

Available Commands:
  aws          Manage credentials objects for AWS cloud
  azure        Manage credentials objects for Azure
  gcp          Manage credentials objects for Google cloud
  help         Help about any command
  ibmcloud     Manage credentials objects for {ibm-cloud-title}
  nutanix      Manage credentials objects for Nutanix

Flags:
  -h, --help   help for ccoctl

Use "ccoctl [command] --help" for more information about a command.

Creating Azure resources with the Cloud Credential Operator utility

You can use the ccoctl azure create-all command to automate the creation of Azure resources.

Note

By default, ccoctl creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run. To create the objects in a different directory, use the --output-dir flag. This procedure uses <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir> to refer to this directory.

Prerequisites

You must have:

  • Extracted and prepared the ccoctl binary.

  • Access to your Microsoft Azure account by using the Azure CLI.

Procedure

  1. Set a $RELEASE_IMAGE variable with the release image from your installation file by running the following command:

    $ RELEASE_IMAGE=$(./openshift-install version | awk '/release image/ {print $3}')

  2. Extract the list of CredentialsRequest objects from the OpenShift Container Platform release image by running the following command:

    $ oc adm release extract \
  --from=$RELEASE_IMAGE \
  --credentials-requests \
  --included \
  --install-config=<path_to_directory_with_installation_configuration>/install-config.yaml \
  --to=<path_to_directory_for_credentials_requests>
    1. The --included parameter includes only the manifests that your specific cluster configuration requires.
    2. Specify the location of the install-config.yaml file.
    3. Specify the path to the directory where you want to store the CredentialsRequest objects. If the specified directory does not exist, this command creates it.

      Note

      This command might take a few moments to run.

  3. To enable the ccoctl utility to detect your Azure credentials automatically, log in to the Azure CLI by running the following command:

    $ az login

  4. Use the ccoctl tool to process all CredentialsRequest objects by running the following command:

    $ ccoctl azure create-all \
  --name=<azure_infra_name> \
  --output-dir=<ccoctl_output_dir> \
  --region=<azure_region> \
  --subscription-id=<azure_subscription_id> \
  --credentials-requests-dir=<path_to_credentials_requests_directory> \
  --dnszone-resource-group-name=<azure_dns_zone_resource_group_name> \
  --tenant-id=<azure_tenant_id> \
  --network-resource-group-name <azure_resource_group> \
  --preserve-existing-roles
    1. Specify the user-defined name for all created Azure resources used for tracking.
    2. Optional: Specify the directory in which you want the ccoctl utility to create objects. By default, the utility creates objects in the directory in which the commands are run.
    3. Specify the Azure region in which cloud resources will be created.
    4. Specify the Azure subscription ID to use.
    5. Specify the directory containing the files for the component CredentialsRequest objects.
    6. Specify the name of the resource group containing the cluster’s base domain Azure DNS zone.
    7. Specify the Azure tenant ID to use.
    8. Optional: Specify the virtual network resource group if it is different from the cluster resource group.
    9. Optional: Specify this flag to ensure that any custom role assignments you define on managed identities are not removed during OpenShift Container Platform updates.

      Note

      If your cluster uses Technology Preview features that are enabled by the TechPreviewNoUpgrade feature set, you must include the --enable-tech-preview parameter.

      To see additional optional parameters and explanations of how to use them, run the azure create-all --help command.

Verification

  • To verify that the OpenShift Container Platform secrets are created, list the files in the <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests directory:

    $ ls <path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests
    Example output
    azure-ad-pod-identity-webhook-config.yaml
cluster-authentication-02-config.yaml
openshift-cloud-controller-manager-azure-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
openshift-cloud-network-config-controller-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
openshift-cluster-api-capz-manager-bootstrap-credentials-credentials.yaml
openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-azure-disk-credentials-credentials.yaml
openshift-cluster-csi-drivers-azure-file-credentials-credentials.yaml
openshift-image-registry-installer-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
openshift-ingress-operator-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml
openshift-machine-api-azure-cloud-credentials-credentials.yaml

    You can verify that the Microsoft Entra ID service accounts are created by querying Azure. For more information, refer to Azure documentation on listing Entra ID service accounts.

Incorporating the Cloud Credential Operator utility manifests

To implement short-term security credentials managed outside the cluster for individual components, you must move the manifest files that the Cloud Credential Operator utility (ccoctl) created to the correct directories for the installation program.

Prerequisites

  • You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.

  • You have configured the Cloud Credential Operator utility (ccoctl).

  • You have created the cloud provider resources that are required for your cluster with the ccoctl utility.

Procedure

  1. If you did not set the credentialsMode parameter in the install-config.yaml configuration file to Manual, modify the value as shown:

    Sample configuration file snippet
    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
credentialsMode: Manual
# ...

  2. If you used the ccoctl utility to create a new Azure resource group instead of using an existing resource group, modify the resourceGroupName parameter in the install-config.yaml as shown:

    Sample configuration file snippet
    apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com
# ...
platform:
  azure:
    resourceGroupName: <azure_infra_name> 
# ...
    1. This value must match the user-defined name for Azure resources that was specified with the --name argument of the ccoctl azure create-all command.

  3. If you have not previously created installation manifest files, do so by running the following command:

    $ openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>

    where <installation_directory> is the directory in which the installation program creates files.

  4. Copy the manifests that the ccoctl utility generated to the manifests directory that the installation program created by running the following command:

    $ cp /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/manifests/* ./manifests/

  5. Copy the tls directory that contains the private key to the installation directory:

    $ cp -a /<path_to_ccoctl_output_dir>/tls .

Deploying the cluster

You can install OpenShift Container Platform on a compatible cloud platform.

Important

You can run the create cluster command of the installation program only once, during initial installation.

Prerequisites

  • You have configured an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.

  • You have the OpenShift Container Platform installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.

  • You have an Azure subscription ID and tenant ID.

Procedure

  • In the directory that contains the installation program, initialize the cluster deployment by running the following command:

    $ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ 
    --log-level=info
    1. For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized ./install-config.yaml file.
    2. To view different installation details, specify warn, debug, or error instead of info.
Verification

When the cluster deployment completes successfully:

  • The terminal displays directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to the web console and credentials for the kubeadmin user.

  • Credential information also outputs to <installation_directory>/.openshift_install.log.

Important

Do not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster.

Example output
...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "password"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s

Important

  • The Ignition config files that the installation program generates contain certificates that expire after 24 hours, which are then renewed at that time. If the cluster is shut down before renewing the certificates and the cluster is later restarted after the 24 hours have elapsed, the cluster automatically recovers the expired certificates. The exception is that you must manually approve the pending node-bootstrapper certificate signing requests (CSRs) to recover kubelet certificates. See the documentation for Recovering from expired control plane certificates for more information.

  • It is recommended that you use Ignition config files within 12 hours after they are generated because the 24-hour certificate rotates from 16 to 22 hours after the cluster is installed. By using the Ignition config files within 12 hours, you can avoid installation failure if the certificate update runs during installation.

Provisioning your own DNS records

Use the IP address of the API server to provision your own DNS record with the api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. hostname by using your cluster name and base cluster domain. Use the IP address of the Ingress service to provision your own DNS record with the *.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. hostname by using your cluster name and base cluster domain.

Important

User-provisioned DNS is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Prerequisite

  • You have installed the Azure CLI client (az).

Procedure

  1. Add the userProvisionedDNS parameter to the install-config.yaml file and enable the parameter. For more information, see "Enabling a user-managed DNS".

  2. Install your cluster.

  3. If you are installing a private cluster, set the lb_name variable by running the following command:

    $ lb_name="${infra_id}-internal"

    1. Set the frontendipconfig_id variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendipconfig_id=$(az network lb show -n ${lb_name} -g ${cluster_resource_group_name} -ojson | jq -r ".loadBalancingRules[] | select(.frontendPort == 6443) | .frontendIPConfiguration.id")

    2. Set the frontendipconfig_name variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendipconfig_name=${frontendipconfig_id##*/}

    3. To retrieve the IP address of the API service, run the following command:

      $ az network lb frontend-ip show -n ${frontendipconfig_name} --lb-name ${lb_name} -g ${cluster_resource_group_name} --query "privateIPAddress" -otsv

  4. If you are installing a public cluster, set the lb_name variable by running the following command:

    $ lb_name="${infra_id}"

    1. Set the frontendipconfig_id variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendipconfig_id=$(az network lb show -n ${lb_name} -g ${cluster_resource_group_name} -ojson | jq -r ".loadBalancingRules[] | select(.frontendPort == 6443) | .frontendIPConfiguration.id")

    2. Set the frontendipconfig_name variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendipconfig_name=${frontendipconfig_id##*/}

    3. Set the frontendpublicip_id variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendpublicip_id=$(az network lb frontend-ip show -n ${frontendipconfig_name} --lb-name ${lb_name} -g ${cluster_resource_group_name} --query "publicIPAddress.id" -otsv)

    4. To retrieve the IP address of the API service, run the following command:

      $ az network public-ip show --ids ${frontendpublicip_id} --query 'ipAddress' -otsv

  5. Use the IP address and your cluster name and base cluster domain to configure your own DNS record with the api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. hostname.

  6. If you are installing a private cluster, set the lb_name variable by running the following command:

    $ lb_name="${infra_id}-internal"

    1. Set the frontendipconfig_id variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendipconfig_id=$(az network lb show -n ${lb_name} -g ${cluster_resource_group_name} -ojson | jq -r ".loadBalancingRules[] | select(.frontendPort == 443) | .frontendIPConfiguration.id")

    2. Set the frontendipconfig_name variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendipconfig_name=${frontendipconfig_id##*/}

    3. To retrieve the IP address of the Ingress service, run the following command:

      $ az network lb frontend-ip show -n ${frontendipconfig_name} --lb-name ${lb_name} -g ${cluster_resource_group_name} --query "privateIPAddress" -otsv

  7. If you are installing a public cluster, set the lb_name variable by running the following command:

    $ lb_name="${infra_id}"

    1. Set the frontendipconfig_id variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendipconfig_id=$(az network lb show -n ${lb_name} -g ${cluster_resource_group_name} -ojson | jq -r ".loadBalancingRules[] | select(.frontendPort == 443) | .frontendIPConfiguration.id")

    2. Set the frontendipconfig_name variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendipconfig_name=${frontendipconfig_id##*/}

    3. Set the frontendpublicip_id variable by running the following command:

      $ frontendpublicip_id=$(az network lb frontend-ip show -n ${frontendipconfig_name} --lb-name ${lb_name} -g ${cluster_resource_group_name} --query "publicIPAddress.id" -otsv)

    4. To retrieve the IP address of the Ingress service, run the following command:

      $ az network public-ip show --ids ${frontendpublicip_id} --query 'ipAddress' -otsv

  8. Use the IP address and your cluster name and base cluster domain to configure your own DNS record with the *.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. hostname.

Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI

To log in to your cluster as the default system user, export the kubeconfig file. This configuration enables the CLI to authenticate and connect to the specific API server created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

The kubeconfig file is specific to a cluster and is created during OpenShift Container Platform installation.

Prerequisites

  • You deployed an OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

  • You installed the OpenShift CLI (oc).

Procedure

  1. Export the kubeadmin credentials by running the following command:

    $ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig

    where:

    <installation_directory>

    Specifies the path to the directory that stores the installation files.

  2. Verify you can run oc commands successfully using the exported configuration by running the following command:

    $ oc whoami
    Example output
    system:admin
Additional resources

Next steps